Roger Mills-Koonce, Ph.D.

Professor

Journal Article

Wylie, A. C., Frey, J., Spring, A. C., Hickman, E., Hartwell, H. J., Sagarnaga, Stapleton, H. M., Short, S. J., Mills-Koonce, R., Fry, R. C., Propper, C. B., & Rager, J. E. (accepted). Feasibility and recommendations for the use of silicone bands for environmental exposure monitoring in young children. Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences.

Broussard, A., Vogel, S. C., Goh, P., Perkins, E., Paz, Y., Huth, N., Vogel, S., Rosellini, A. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Wagner, N. J., & Waller, R. (accepted). Identifying Prospective Temperament Predictors of Callous-Unemotional Traits Using Machine Learning. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.

Etzel, L., Garrett-Peters, P., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Short, S. J., & Shalev, I. (accepted). Maternal biological aging in pregnancy and across four years postpartum: Evidence for disrupted postpartum recovery by subsequent pregnancy. IScience.

Huth, N., Vogel, S. C., Goh, P., Broussard, A., Perkins, E., Paz, Y., Rosellini, A. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Waller, R., & Wagner, N. J. (accepted). Using machine learning to identify infant and child environmental and biological predictors of callous-unemotional traits. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology.

Huth, N., Vogel, S. C., Cole, V., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M. T., & Wagner, N. (accepted). Predictive relations between early adversity, nonlinear trajectories of hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, and later callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Human Development.

Propper, C. B., Holochwost, S. J., Short, S. J., Willoughby, M. T., Towe-Goodman, N. R., Murgueitio, N., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (accepted). Prenatal sleep quality, hippocampal volume, and infant emotion at 6 months of age. Social Development.

Paz, Y., Vogel, S., Goh, P. K., Perkins, E. R., Broussard, A., Huth, N., Rosellini, A. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Wagner, N. J., & Waller, R. (2026). Using machine learning to identify parenting features prospectively related to callous-unemotional traits from infancy to early adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 56, e47. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0033291726103213

Wylie, A. C., Willoughby, M. T., Fry, R. C., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Short, S. J., & Propper, C. B. (2025). Infant cognitive home environment as a moderator for the association of prenatal lead on child language. Neurotoxicology, 108, 306–317. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2025.04.010

Vogel, S. C., Murgueitio, N., Huth, N., Sem, K., Short, S., Knickmeyer, R. C., Mills-Koonce, R., Propper, C., & Wagner, N. J. (accepted). Longitudinal associations between the infant gut microbiome and negative affect in toddlerhood. Development and Psychopathology, 13. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/S0954579425100229

Lippold, M. A., Bracy, M. K., Chiang, P. C., Hall, W. T. J., Williams, D. Y., Ramon, M. E., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2025). Affirmative parenting of sexual and gender minority youth: Findings from an exploratory qualitative study. Family Process, 64(6), e70093. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1111/famp.70093Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Graf, M., Murgueitio, N., Sheridan, M. A., Quinn, R. A., Carlson, A. L., Vogel, S. C., Styner, M. A., Alex, A. M., Stephens, R., Roach, J., Sagarnaga, N., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Azcarate-Peril, M. A., Short, S. J., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Propper, C. B. (2025). Gut microbiome is associated with insula structure in neonates. Physiology and Behavior, 299, 115001.

Winebrake, D., Huth, N., Gueron-Sela, N., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, R., Bedford, R., & Wagner, N. J. (2025). An examination of the relations between effortful control in early childhood and risk for later externalizing psychopathology: A bi-factor structural equation modeling approach. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 56(5), 1190–1205. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s10578-024-01716-z

Lippold, M., Hall, W., Williams, D. Y., Jenkins, M., Dawes, H., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2025). Parenting and queer youth mental health and substance use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Adolescent Research Review, 10, 145–168. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s40894-024-00232-4

Roby, E., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Mendelsohn, A. (2025). Preventing Rural Inequities through Support of Early Relational Health in Pediatric Primary Care: A Narrative Review. Academic Pediatrics, 103192. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2025.103192

Alvarado-Harris, R., Perreira, K., Woods-Giscombe, C. L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Santos, H. (2025). Prenatal Inflammation and Trauma Symptoms in Latina Mothers: The Role of Discrimination and Growing up in an Ethnic Minority Context. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity – Health, 43, 100914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100914

Willoughby, M. T., Lauff, E., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Short, S. J., & Propper, C. B. (2025). Brief Report: The Early Motor Questionnaire facilitates the remote assessment of normative motor development in infancy and toddlerhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 249, 106114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2024.106114

Kral, T. R. A., Williams, C. Y., Wylie, A. C., McLaughlin, K., Stephens, R. L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Birn, R. B., Propper, C. B., & Short, S. J. (2024). Intergenerational effects of racism on amygdala and hippocampus resting state functional connectivity. Scientific Reports, 14, 17034. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-66830-3

Hickman, E., Frey, F., Wylie, A., Hartwell, H. J., Herkert, N. J., Short, S. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Fry, R. C., Stapleton, H. M., Propper, C. B., & Rager, J. F. (2024). Chemical and non-chemical stressors in a postpartum cohort through wristband and self report data: Links between increased chemical burden, economic, and racial stress. Environment International, 191, 108976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108976

Lineback, K., Baer, H., Zhang, Y., Hartenbach, D., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M. T., Glowinski, A., Constantino, J. N., & Marrus, N. (2024). Independent contributions of callous-unemotional behaviors and quantitative autistic traits to aggression in early childhood. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2(2), 100–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.12.005

Holochwost, S. J., Volpe, V. V., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, R., Brown, E. D., & Jaffee, S. R. (2024). Allostatic load in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood: Are assumptions of measurement invariance warranted?. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(6), 169–180. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001292

Wylie, A., Frye, R., Short, S. J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Propper, C. P. (2024). Maternal prenatal lead levels and neonatal brain volumes: Testing moderations by maternal depressive symptoms and family income. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 102, 107322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107322

Holochwost, S. J., Winebrake, D., Brown, E. D., Happaney, K. R., Wagner, N. J., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2023). An Ecological systems perspective on individual differences in children’s performance on measures of executive function. Journal of Cognition and Development, 24(2), 223–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15248372.2022.2160721

Li, X., Zhao, Z., Curran, M. A., Mills-Koonce, R., & Cao, H. (2023). Awareness and equity of behavioral sacrifice and same-sex relationship quality: Heterosexist discrimination as distal predictor. Family Relations, 75(7), 3100–3116. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12854

Holochwost, S. J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Brown, E. D. (2023). Fulfilling the Promise of Applied Developmental Science: Is it Time to Reconsider our Approach?. Infant and Child Development, 32(6), e2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.2401

Li, W., Z. Z., Curran, M. A., Mills-Koonce, R., & Cao, H. (2023). Heterosexist discrimination and relational sacrifice for same-sex couples. Personal Relationships, 30(3), 1024–1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/pere.12495

Shakiba, N., Lynch, S. F., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, R., & Wagner, N. J. (2023). Vagal flexibility moderates the links between observed sensitive caregiving in infancy and externalizing behavior problems in middle childhood. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 51(10), 1453–1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-023-01088-3

Padrutt, E., DeJoseph, M., Wilson, S., Mills-Koonce, R., & Berry, D. (2023). Measurement invariance of maternal depressive symptoms across the first two years since birth and across racial group, education, income, primiparity, and age. Psychological Assessment, 35(8), 646–658. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001242

Mills-Koonce, R., Bracy, M., Willoughby, M., Short, S. J., & Propper, C. B. (2023). The Dark Triad and Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women. Personality and Individual Differences, 214, p.112332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112332

Mills-Koonce, R., Grewen, K., Meltzer-Brody, S., Pearson, B., & Stuebe, A. (2023). The Mood, Mother and Child Study: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Study and Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 12(1), e51132. https://doi.org/doi:10.2196/51132

Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M., Short, S., & Propper, C. (2022). The Brain and Early Experience Study: Protocol for a prospective observational study. JMIR Research Protocols, 11(6), e34854.

Mills-Koonce, R., Towe-Goodman, N., Swingler, M., & Willoughby, M. (2022). Profiles of Family-Based Social Experiences in the First Three Years Predict Early Cognitive, Behavioral, and Socioemotional Competencies. Developmental Psychology, 58(2), 297–310. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1037/dev0001287

Li, X., Curran, M. A., Butler, Mills-Koonce, R., & Cao, H. (2022). Sexual minority stressors and intimate partner violence among same-sex couples: Commitment as a resource. Archives of Sexual Behaviors, 51, 2317–2335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02261-9

Propper, C. B., McLaughlin, Goldblum, J., Camerota, M., Gueron-Sela, Mills-Koonce, R., & Wagner, N. J. (2022). Parenting and maternal reported child sleep problems in infancy predict school-age aggression and inattention. Sleep Health, 8(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2021.11.010

Li, X., Cao, H., Zhou, N., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2021). Internalized Homophobia and Relationship Quality among Same-Sex Couples: The Mediating Role of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Homosexuality, 68(11), 1749–1773. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2019.1705671

Zvara, B. J., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2021). Intimate Partner Violence, Parenting, and Children’s Representations of Caregivers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(21-22), NP11759–NP11779. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519888527

Wagner, N., Holochwost, S., Lynch, S., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Propper, C. (2021). Characterizing change in resting vagal tone during the first three years of life: A systematic review and empirical examination across two longitudinal samples. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 129, 282–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.025

Holochwost, S. J., Wang, G., Kolacz, J., Mills-Koonce, R., Klika, J. B., & Jaffee, S. (2021). The neurophysiological embedding of child maltreatment. Development and Psychopathology, 33(3), 1107–1137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000383

Rehder, P. D., Mills-Koonce, R., Wagner, N. J., Zvara, B. J., & Willoughby, M. T. (2021). Attachment quality assessed from children’s family drawings links to child conduct problems and callous-unemotional behaviors. Attachment and Human Development, 23(3), 239–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1714676

Holochwost, S., Mills-Koonce, R., Gariepy, J. L., & Kolacz, J. (2021). Towards an understanding of self-regulation in early childhood: The need for a new approach. Developmental Psychobiology, 63(4), 734–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.22044

Holochwost, S. J., Volpe, V. V., Iruka, I. U., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2020). Maternal warmth, intrusiveness, and executive functions in early childhood: tracing developmental processes among African American children. Early Child Development and Care, 19(2), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1461096

Gatzke-Kopp, L., Willoughby, M. T., Warkentien, S., Petrie, D., Mills-Koonce, R., & Blair, C. (2020). Association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure across the first four years of life and manifestation of externalizing behavior problems in school-aged children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(11), 1243–1252. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13157

Willoughby, M. T., Williams, J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Blair, C. B. (2020). Early life predictors of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology profiles from early through middle childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 32(3), 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001135

Holochwost, S., Towe-Goodman, N., Rehder, P., Wang, G., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2020). Contextual risk and HPA functioning in early childhood: A review of the links between poverty, poverty-related stressors, and children’s cortisol functioning. Developmental Review, 56, 100898. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2020.100898

Zvara, B. J., Lathren, C., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2020). Maternal and Paternal Attachment Style and Chaos as Risk Factors for Parenting Behavior. Family Relations, 69(2), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12423

Whitley, J., Wouk, K., Bauer, A. E., Grewen, K., Gottfredson, N. C., Meltzer-Brody, S., Propper, C., Mills-Koonce, R., Pearson, B., & Stuebe, A. (2020). Oxytocin during breastfeeding and maternal mood symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104581

Daneri, M. P., Blair, C., Kuhn, L. J., Vernon-Feagans, L., Greenberg, M., Cox, M., Burchinal, P., Willoughby, M., Garrett-Peters, P., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2019). Maternal Language and Child Vocabulary Mediate Relations Between Socioeconomic Status and Executive Function During Early Childhood. Child Development, 90(6), 2001–2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13065

Stuebe, A. M., Meltzer-Brody, S., Propper, C., Pearson, B., Beiler, P., Elam, M., Walker, C., Mills-Koonce, R., & Grewen, K. (2019). The Mood, Mother, and Infant Study: Associations between Maternal Mood in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Outcome. Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(8), 551–559. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.0079

Groh, A. M., Propper, C., Mills-Koonce, R., Moore, G. A., Calkins, S., & Cox, M. (2019). Mothers’ physiological and affective responding to infant distress: Unique antecedents of avoidant and resistant attachments. Child Development, 90(2), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12912

Haltigan, J. D., Madigan, S., Bronfman, E., Bailey, H. N., Borland-Kerr, C., Mills-Koonce, R., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2019). Refining the assessment of disrupted maternal communication: Using item response models to identify central indicators of disrupted behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 31(1), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417001778

Wagner, N. J., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M. T., & Cox, M. J. (2019). Parenting and cortisol in infancy interactively predict conduct problems and callous–unemotional behaviors in childhood. Child Development, 90(1), 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12900

Berry, D., Vernon-Feagans, L., Mills-Koonce, R., & Blair, C. (2018). Otitis media and respiratory sinus arrhythmia across infancy and early childhood: Polyvagal processes?. Developmental Psychology, 54(9), 1709.

Holochwost, S. J., Volpe, V. V., Gueron-Sela, N., Propper, C. B., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2018). Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and inhibitory control in early childhood: the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(9), 973–981.

Jensen, T. M., Lippold, M. A., Mills-Koonce, R., & Fosco, G. M. (2018). Stepfamily relationship quality and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. Family Process, 57(2), 477–495.

Jensen, T., Lippold, M. A., Mills-Koonce, R., & Fosco, G. M. (2018). Stepfamily relationship quality and children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. Family Process, 57(2), 477–495.

Mills-Koonce, R., Rehder, P. D., & McCurdy, A. L. (2018). The significance of parenting and parent–child relationships for sexual and gender minority adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(3), 637–649.

Zvara, B. J., Macfie, J., Cox, M., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2018). Mother–child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex. Developmental Psychology, 54(10), 1891. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000556

Brown, G. L., Gustafsson, H. C., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2017). Associations between early caregiving and rural, low-SES, African-American children’s representations of attachment relationships. Attachment \& Human Development, 19(4), 340–363.

Rehder, P. D., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Garrett-Peters, P., Wagner, N. J., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2017). Emotion recognition deficits among children with conduct problems and callous-unemotional behaviors. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 41, 174–183.

Holochwost, S. J., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., Kolacz, J., & Granger, D. A. (2017). Individual differences in the activity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis: Relations to age and cumulative risk in early childhood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 81, 36–45.

Gustafsson, H. C., Brown, G. L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Cox, M. J., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2017). Intimate partner violence and children’s attachment representations during middle childhood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(3), 865–878.

Zvara, B., Meltzer-Brody, S., Mills-Koonce, W., Cox, M., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2017). Maternal Childhood Sexual Trauma and Early Parenting: Prenatal and Postnatal Associations. Infant and Child Development, 26(3), e1991.

Berry, D., Blair, C., Willoughby, M., Granger, D. A., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2017). Maternal sensitivity and adrenocortical functioning across infancy and toddlerhood: Physiological adaptation to context?. Development and Psychopathology, 29(1), 303–317.

Wagner, N., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M., Propper, C., Rehder, P., & Gueron-Sela, N. (2017). Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and heart period in infancy as correlates of later oppositional defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(1), 127–135.

Cao, H., Zhou, N., Fine, M., Liang, Y., Li, J., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2017). Sexual minority stress and same-sex relationship well-being: A meta-analysis of research prior to the uS Nationwide legalization of same-sex marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 79(5), 1258–1277.

Gueron-Sela, N., Wagner, N. J., Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Moore, G. A., & Cox, M. J. (2017). The interaction between child respiratory sinus arrhythmia and early sensitive parenting in the prediction of children’s executive functions. Infancy, 22(2), 171–189.

Bedford, R., Wagner, N., Rehder, P., Propper, C., Willoughby, M., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2017). The role of infants’ mother-directed gaze, maternal sensitivity, and emotion recognition in childhood callous unemotional behaviours. European Child \& Adolescent Psychiatry, 26(8), 947–956.

Wagner, N. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., Willoughby, M. T., Rehder, P. D., Moore, G. A., & Cox, M. J. (2016). Associations between infant behaviors during the face-to-face still-face paradigm and oppositional defiant and callous-unemotional behaviors in early childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(8), 1439–1453.

Wagner, N. J., Propper, C., Gueron-Sela, N., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2016). Dimensions of maternal parenting and infants’ autonomic functioning interactively predict early internalizing behavior problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(3), 459–470.

Berry, D., Blair, C., Willoughby, M., Garrett-Peters, P., Vernon-Feagans, L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2016). Household chaos and children’s cognitive and socio-emotional development in early childhood: Does childcare play a buffering role?. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 34, 115–127.

Wang, F., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., & Cox, M. J. (2016). Infant attachment disorganization and moderation pathways to level and change in externalizing behavior during preschool ages. Attachment \& Human Development, 18(6), 534–553.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Cao, H., Heilbron, N., & Cox, M. J. (2016). Marital Relationship and Early Development. Published.

Kolacz, J., Holochwost, S. J., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2016). Patterns of joint parasympathetic, sympathetic, and adrenocortical activity and their associations with temperament in early childhood. Developmental Psychobiology, 58(8), 990–1001.

Finegood, E. D., Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Hibel, L. C., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2016). Psychobiological influences on maternal sensitivity in the context of adversity. Developmental Psychology, 52(7), 1073.

Holochwost, S. J., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, Propper, C. B., Gardner-Neblett, N., Volpe, V., Neblett, E., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2016). Sociodemographic risk, parenting, and executive functions in early childhood: The role of ethnicity. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 537–549.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Garrett-Peters, P., Wagner, N., Vernon-Feagans, L., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2016). The interplay among socioeconomic status, household chaos, and parenting in the prediction of child conduct problems and callous–unemotional behaviors. Development and Psychopathology, 28(3), 757–771.

Willoughby, M. T., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Waschbusch, D. A., Gottfredson, N. C., & Investigators, F. L. P. (2015). An examination of the parent report version of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of first-grade children. Assessment, 22(1), 76–85.

Blair, C., Sulik, M., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Petrill, S., Bartlett, C., Greenberg, M., & Investigators, F. L. P. (2015). Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158met polymorphism interacts with early experience to predict executive functions in early childhood. Developmental Psychobiology, 57(7), 833–841.

Zvara, B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Carmody, K. A., Cox, M., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2015). Childhood sexual trauma and subsequent parenting beliefs and behaviors. Child Abuse \& Neglect, 44, 87–97.

Sulik, M. J., Blair, C., Mills-Koonce, R., Berry, D., Greenberg, M., Investigators, F. L. P., Vernon-Feagans, L., Burchinal, M. R., Cox, M., Garrett-Peters, P. T., & others. (2015). Early parenting and the development of externalizing behavior problems: Longitudinal mediation through children’s executive function. Child Development, 86(5), 1588–1603.

Blair, C., Ursache, A., Mills-Koonce, R., Stifter, C., Voegtline, K., & Granger, D. A. (2015). Emotional reactivity and parenting sensitivity interact to predict cortisol output in toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 51(9), 1271.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., & Zvara, B. J. (2015). Genetic Correlates of Early Maternal Caregiving. Handbook of Infant Biopsychosocial Development. Published.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Wagner, N. J., Willoughby, M. T., Stifter, C., Blair, C., Granger, D. A., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2015). Greater fear reactivity and psychophysiological hyperactivity among infants with later conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(2), 147–154.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Zvara, B., Barnett, M., Gustafsson, H., Cox, M. J., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2015). Mothers’ and fathers’ sensitivity and children’s cognitive development in low-income, rural families. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 38, 1–10.

Wang, F., Cox, M. J., Mills-Koonce, R., & Snyder, P. (2015). Parental behaviors and beliefs, child temperament, and attachment disorganization. Family Relations, 64(2), 191–204.

Wagner, N. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M. T., Zvara, B., & Cox, M. J. (2015). Parenting and children’s representations of family predict disruptive and callous-unemotional behaviors. Developmental Psychology, 51(7), 935.

Hill-Soderlund, A. L., Holochwost, S. J., Willoughby, M. T., Granger, D. A., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2015). The developmental course of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol from 12 to 36 months: Relations with early poverty and later behavior problems. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 52, 311–323.

Zvara, B. J., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Heilbron, N., Clincy, A., Cox, M. J., & Family Life Project Key Contributors. (2015). The Interdependence of Adult Relationship Quality and Parenting Behaviours among African American and European Couples in Rural, Low-Income Communities. Infant and Child Development, 24(3), 343–363.

Berry, D., Blair, C., Ursache, A., Willoughby, M., Garrett-Peters, P., Vernon-Feagans, L., Bratsch-Hines, M., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Granger, D. A. (2014). Child care and cortisol across early childhood: Context matters. Developmental Psychology, 50(2), 514.

Gustafsson, H. C., Barnett, M. A., Towe-Goodman, N. R., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Cox, M. J., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2014). Family violence and children’s behavior problems: Independent contributions of intimate partner and child-directed physical aggression. Journal of Family Violence, 29(7), 773–781.

Towe-Goodman, N. R., Willoughby, M., Blair, C., Gustafsson, H. C., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2014). Fathers’ sensitive parenting and the development of early executive functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 28(6), 867.

Willoughby, M. T., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gottfredson, N. C., & Wagner, N. J. (2014). Measuring callous unemotional behaviors in early childhood: Factor structure and the prediction of stable aggression in middle childhood. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36(1), 30–42.

Holochwost, S. J., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, Propper, C. B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Moore, G. A. (2014). Parenting behaviors and vagal tone at six months predict attachment disorganization at twelve months. Developmental Psychobiology, 56(6), 1423–1430.

Zvara, B., Mills-Koonce, W., Garrett-Peters, P., Wagner, N., Vernon-Feagans, L., & Cox, M. (2014). the Family Life Project Key Contributors.(2014). The mediating role of parenting in the associations between household chaos and children’s representations of family dysfunction. Attachment \& Human Development. Advance Online Publication. Doi, 10(14616734.2014), 966124.

Zvara, B., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Garrett-Peters, P., Wagner, N., Vernon-Feagans, L., Cox, M., & Family Life Project Key Contributors. (2014). The mediating role of parenting in the associations between household chaos and children’s representations of family dysfunction. Attachment \& Human Development, 16(6), 633–655.

Calkins, S. D., Propper, C., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2013). A biopsychosocial perspective on parenting and developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4pt2), 1399–1414.

Wang, F., Christ, S. L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Garrett-Peters, P., & Cox, M. J. (2013). Association between maternal sensitivity and externalizing behavior from preschool to preadolescence. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(2), 89–100.

Blair, C., Berry, D., Mills-Koonce, R., Granger, D., Investigators, F., & others. (2013). Cumulative effects of early poverty on cortisol in young children: Moderation by autonomic nervous system activity. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(11), 2666–2675.

Willoughby, M., Burchinal, M., Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Vernon-Feagans, L., & Cox, M. (2013). II. Recruitment of the family life project sample. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(5), 24–35.

Garrett-Peters, P., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2013). III. The description of the families and children. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 78(5), 36–52.

Willoughby, M. T., Mills-Koonce, R., Propper, C. B., & Waschbusch, D. A. (2013). Observed parenting behaviors interact with a polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene to predict the emergence of oppositional defiant and callous–unemotional behaviors at age 3 years. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4pt1), 903–917.

Vernon-Feagans, L., Cox, M., Willoughby, M., Burchinal, M., Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Garrett-Peiers, P., Conger, R. D., & Bauer, P. J. (2013). The Family Life Project: An epidemiological and developmental study of young children living in poor rural communities. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, i–150.

Newland, R. P., Crnic, K. A., Cox, M. J., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2013). The family model stress and maternal psychological symptoms: Mediated pathways from economic hardship to parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(1), 96.

Clincy, A. R., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2013). Trajectories of intrusive parenting during infancy and toddlerhood as predictors of rural, low-income African American boys’ school-related outcomes. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83(2pt3), 194–206.

Barnett, M. A., Gustafsson, H., Deng, M., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. (2012). Bidirectional associations among sensitive parenting, language development, and social competence. Infant and Child Development, 21(4), 374–393.

Vernon-Feagans, L., Garrett-Peters, P., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2012). Chaos, poverty, and parenting: Predictors of early language development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(3), 339–351.

Propper, C. B., Shanahan, M. J., Russo, R., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2012). Evocative gene–parenting correlations and academic performance at first grade: An exploratory study. Development and Psychopathology, 24(4), 1265–1282.

Towe-Goodman, N. R., Stifter, C. A., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Granger, D. A., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2012). Interparental aggression and infant patterns of adrenocortical and behavioral stress responses. Developmental Psychobiology, 54(7), 685–699.

Barnett, M. A., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gustafsson, H., Cox, M., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2012). Mother-Grandmother Conflict, Negative Parenting, and Young Children’s Social Development in Multigenerational Families. Family Relations, 61(5), 864–877.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., & Barnett, M. (2012). Poor infant soothability and later insecure-ambivalent attachment: Developmental change in phenotypic markers of risk or two measures of the same construct?. Infant Behavior and Development, 35(2), 215–225.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Appleyard, K., Barnett, M., Deng, M., Putallaz, M., & Cox, M. (2011). Adult attachment style and stress as risk factors for early maternal sensitivity and negativity. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32(3), 277–285.

Blair, C., Raver, C. C., Granger, D., Mills-Koonce, R., Hibel, L., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2011). Allostasis and allostatic load in the context of poverty in early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 23(3), 845–857.

Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., Kivlighan, K. T., & Fortunato, C. K. (2011). CDEV B Dispatch: 8.8. 11 Journal: CDEV CE: Anusha. Published.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Garrett-Peters, P., Barnett, M., Granger, D. A., Blair, C., & Cox, M. J. (2011). Father contributions to cortisol responses in infancy and toddlerhood. Developmental Psychology, 47(2), 388.

Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Zerwas, S., Cox, M., Vernon-Feagans, L., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2011). Fathers’ early emotion talk: Associations with income, ethnicity, and family factors. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73(2), 335–353.

Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Willoughby, M., Mills-Koonce, R., Cox, M., Greenberg, M. T., Kivlighan, K. T., Fortunato, C. K., & Investigators, F. (2011). Salivary cortisol mediates effects of poverty and parenting on executive functions in early childhood. Child Development, 82(6), 1970–1984.

Propper, C. B., Moore, G. A., & Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2010). Development of Infant Emotionality. Handbook of Developmental Science, Behavior, and Genetics, 529.

Propper, C., Mills-koonce, W., & Moore, G. (2010). Infant Affect Moderates The Relationship Between Maternal Sensitivity And Rsa Change During Challenge At 6 Months. Developmental Psychobiology, 52(7), 714.

Cox, M. J., Mills-Koonce, R., Propper, C., & Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis. (2010). Systems theory and cascades in developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 497–506.

Moore, G. A., Hill-Soderlund, A. L., Propper, C. B., Calkins, S. D., Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Cox, M. J. (2009). Mother–infant vagal regulation in the face-to-face still-face paradigm is moderated by maternal sensitivity. Child Development, 80(1), 209–223.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C., Gariepy, J., Barnett, M., Moore, G. A., Calkins, S., & Cox, M. J. (2009). Psychophysiological correlates of parenting behavior in mothers of young children. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 51(8), 650–661.

Pungello, E. P., Iruka, I. U., Dotterer, A. M., Mills-Koonce, R., & Reznick, J. S. (2009). The effects of socioeconomic status, race, and parenting on language development in early childhood. Developmental Psychology, 45(2), 544.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gariepy, J., Sutton, K., & Cox, M. J. (2008). Changes in maternal sensitivity across the first three years: are mothers from different attachment dyads differentially influenced by depressive symptomatology?. Attachment \& Human Development, 10(3), 299–317.

Garrett-Peters, P., Mills-Koonce, R., Adkins, D., Vernon-Feagans, L., Cox, M., Family Life Project Key Investigators, & others. (2008). Early environmental correlates of maternal emotion talk. Parenting: Science and Practice, 8(2), 117–152.

Blair, C., Granger, D., Kivlighan, K., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M., Greenberg, M. T., Hibel, L., & Fortunato, C. (2008). Family Life Project Investigators: Maternal and child contributions to cortisol response to emotional arousal in young children from low-income, rural communities. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1095–1109.

Propper, C., Moore, G. A., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Halpern, C. T., Hill-Soderlund, A. L., Calkins, S. D., Carbone, M. A., & Cox, M. (2008). Gene–environment contributions to the development of infant vagal reactivity: The interaction of dopamine and maternal sensitivity. Child Development, 79(5), 1377–1394.

Barnett, M. A., Deng, M., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Willoughby, M., & Cox, M. (2008). Interdependence of parenting of mothers and fathers of infants. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(4), 561.

Cox, M., Heilbron, N., Mills-Koonce, W., Pressel, A., Oppenheimer, C., & Szwedo, D. (2008). Marital relationship. Published.

Blair, C., Granger, D. A., Kivlighan, K. T., Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M., Greenberg, M. T., Hibel, L. C., & Fortunato, C. K. (2008). Maternal and child contributions to cortisol response to emotional arousal in young children from low-income, rural communities. Developmental Psychology, 44(4), 1095.

Hill-Soderlund, A. L., Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C., Calkins, S. D., Granger, D. A., Moore, G. A., Gariepy, J., & Cox, M. J. (2008). Parasympathetic and sympathetic responses to the strange situation in infants and mothers from avoidant and securely attached dyads. Developmental Psychobiology: The Journal of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology, 50(4), 361–376.

Hill, A., Mills-Koonce, W., Propper, C., Calkins, S., Granger, D., Moore, G., & Cox, M. (2008). Physiological responses to the Strange Situation: Vagal withdrawal, salivary alpha-amylase and salivary cortisol in infants and mothers as a function of attachment status. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 361–367.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., Gariepy, J., Blair, C., Garrett-Peters, P., & Cox, M. J. (2007). Bidirectional genetic and environmental influences on mother and child behavior: The family system as the unit of analyses. Development and Psychopathology, 19(4), 1073–1087.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Gari\’epy, Jean-Louis, Propper, C., Sutton, K., Calkins, S., Moore, G., & Cox, M. (2007). Infant and parent factors associated with early maternal sensitivity: A caregiver-attachment systems approach. Infant Behavior and Development, 30(1), 114–126.

Carranza, J. A., & Olmos, M. (2007). Motor development and learning in infancy. Infant Behavior and Development, 1(30), 1.

Mills-Koonce, W. R. (2005). A systems analysis of maternal behavior: How exogenous and endogenous factors relate to maternal behaviors for different attachment dyads.. Published.

Book

Holochwost, S., Mills-Koonce, R., & Brown, E. D. (accepted). Conducting Applied Developmental Science in Challenging Contexts: How to do it and Why it’s Important. Oxford University Press.

Book Chapter

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Propper, C. B., Swingler, M., & Vernon-Feagans, L. (accepted). The impact of rural poverty in the U.S. on early development. In The Impact of Poverty on Early Development: Implications for Practice and Policy. American Psychological Association.

Mills-Koonce, R., & Marraccini, M. (2023). Parenting LGBTQ Children and Adolescents. In Handbook of Parenting: Interdisciplinary Research and Application. Cambridge University Press.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., Bracy, M., Frederick, H., Hall, W., Lippold, M., & Riger, D. (2023). Sexual orientation: LGBTQ adolescent health and well-being. In Encyclopedia of Child and Adolescent Health. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818872-9.00179-5

Mills-Koonce, R., & Towe-Goodman, N. (2022). Biosocial Theories in Family Research. In Sourcebook of Family Theory and Methods. Springer.

Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Towe-Goodman, N. (2012). Poverty and HPA functioning in young children. In The Oxford Handbook of Poverty and Child Development.

Conference Proceeding

Mills-Koonce, W. R., & Propper, C. B. (2011). Within-family genetic influences on maternal caregiving. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.. Published.

Other

Garrett-Peters, P., & Mills-Koonce, R. (2012). Employment Instability and Food Insecurity of Rural North Carolinians during the Recession.